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How the Federal Reserve Increases Money Supply

To understand how the Federal Reserve increase money supply, it is important to first understand the meaning of money supply, which we will think of as: money which is available (in the economy) for use.

Second, you must remember the three parties that influence the money supply:

  1.  The Federal Reserve
  2. Banks
  3. Households that deposit money

It will be easier to understand money supply if you remember that the word “reserve” implies not available to use, so it will help to notice when “reserve” appears as we’re talking about decreasing the money supply.

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How Interest Rates Work


If you want to purchase something now but do not have the cash to spend, what you can do is to borrow it. This borrowing does have a cost though, it is called interest. It is an amount that you have to pay on top of the money you have loaned– the principal amount. The rate of interest is often expressed as an annual percentage of the principal. To illustrate, if you have borrowed $1,000 with an interest rate of 10 percent per year payable after a year, you will pay a total amount of $1100 at the end of the year. Loans can be short term or long term, hence the borrower is said to pay either short term interest rates or long term interest rates.

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